It is famous as the inspiration for the Yorkshire county anthem "On Ilkla Moor Baht'at".

To the north, where the moor drops steeply down towards Ben Rhydding, a satellite of the town of Ilkley, are two millstone grit rock climbing areas: Rocky Valley and Ilkley Quarry. The latter is the site of the Cow and Calf, an outcrop and boulder allegedly dropped by the giant Rombold's wife. The quarry has, from 1980 onwards, suffered greatly from rock-falls.

The name Ilkley moor is possibly derived from the Old English meaning "moor near woodland clearing of a man called Yllica".

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